Clinical case · trainee

Multifactorial falls in a 79-year-old

Vignette

A 79-year-old man is referred after his third fall in 12 months. The most recent fall, in his bathroom at night, resulted in a Colles' fracture. He reports no spinning vertigo but a vague unsteadiness, worse in poor lighting and on uneven ground. Past medical history includes type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 7.4%), grade 1 cataracts bilaterally, and treated hypertension. Examination shows reduced vibration sense to the ankles, normal HIT, normal calorics, normal MRI brain. Visual acuity is 6/12 bilaterally.

CDP findings

SOT pattern vs normal
Multifactorialage norm 700255075100EQS86C1EO ·F78C2EC ·F75C3EO ·F·Sw51C4EO ·Sw42C5EC ·Sw28C6EO ·Sw·Sw
MCT — medium-amplitude backward translation
platform157 ms-100-500+50+100COP mm0200400600800100012001400Multifactorial · backward · medium
ADT — sway energy across five trials per direction
sway energy025507510077T157T252T343T444T5Toes upadapting76T163T249T351T439T5Toes downadapting

Audiometric findings

Age-related presbycusis — symmetric high-frequency sensorineural loss.

2505001k2k4k8kFrequency (Hz)020406080100Threshold (dB HL)NormalMildModerateMod-severeSevereProfoundRight (AC)Left (AC)

Presbycusis produces symmetric downsloping high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, often paralleling the multifactorial decline seen on CDP. Hearing aids in this group can indirectly aid balance — patients who hear environmental cues better orient more confidently, reducing fall risk modestly. The audiometric and CDP findings together support a multifactorial-decline management framework.

Single-best-answer

Which CDP finding pattern is most consistent with this picture, and how should it guide management?

Teaching point. Multifactorial elderly falls are common and rarely have a single attributable cause. CDP can document the contribution of each sensory and motor system, supporting a tailored management plan. The strongest evidence base supports multifactorial fall-prevention programmes combining exercise (especially balance training), medication review, vision optimisation, environmental modification, and treatment of underlying conditions.

References