References & Acknowledgements

Peer-reviewed journals and textbooks underpinning this atlas. Content is synthesized from these sources and from Dr Prahlada N.B’s Physiology of the Vestibular System. Authors are credited in full.

  1. Goldberg JM, Fernández C. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating semicircular canals of the squirrel monkey. III.. J Neurophysiol; 1971.
  2. Groves AK, Fekete DM. Shaping sound in space: the regulation of inner ear patterning. Development; 2012.
  3. Fritzsch B, Jahan I, Pan N, Elliott KL. Evolution and development of the tetrapod auditory system: an overview. Brain Behav Evol; 2013.
  4. Wangemann P. Supporting sensory transduction: cochlear fluid homeostasis and the endocochlear potential. J Physiol; 2006.
  5. Salt AN, Hirose K. Communication pathways to and from the inner ear and their contributions to drug delivery. Hear Res; 2018.
  6. Lysakowski A, Goldberg JM. A regional ultrastructural analysis of the vestibular calyx afferent terminals in the cristae of the squirrel monkey. J Neurophysiol; 2004.
  7. Hudspeth AJ. Integrating the active process of hair cells with cochlear function. Nat Rev Neurosci; 2014.
  8. Eatock RA, Songer JE. Vestibular hair cells and afferents: two channels for head motion signals. Annu Rev Neurosci; 2011.
  9. Curthoys IS, Oman CM. Dimensions of the horizontal semicircular canal and orientation of the extraocular muscles in the human. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl; 1987.
  10. Raphan T, Cohen B. The velocity storage mechanism in the vestibulo-ocular reflex arc. Exp Brain Res; 1988.
  11. Goldberg JM, Fernández C, Smith CE. Responses of vestibular-nerve afferents in the squirrel monkey to externally applied galvanic currents. Brain Res; 1982.
  12. Highstein SM, Holstein GR. The anatomy of the vestibular nuclei. Prog Brain Res; 2006.
  13. Curthoys IS. A critical review of the neurophysiological evidence underlying clinical vestibular testing using video head impulse test. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg; 2021.
  14. Maklad A, Fritzsch B. Development of vestibular afferent projections into the hindbrain and their central targets. Brain Res Bull; 2003.
  15. Rabbitt RD, Boyle R, Highstein SM. Mechanical properties of the utricular otolith organ in the toadfish. J Neurophysiol; 1995.
  16. Songer JE, Eatock RA. Tuning and timing in mammalian type I hair cells and calyceal synapses. J Neurosci; 2013.
  17. Leigh RJ, Zee DS. The Neurology of Eye Movements, 5th ed.. Oxford University Press; 2015.
  18. Halmagyi GM, Curthoys IS. A clinical sign of canal paresis. Arch Neurol; 1988.
  19. Goldberg JM, Wilson VJ, Cullen KE, Angelaki DE. The Vestibular System: A Sixth Sense. Oxford University Press; 2012.
  20. Angelaki DE, Dickman JD. Spatiotemporal processing of linear acceleration: primary afferent and central vestibular neuron responses. J Neurophysiol; 2000.
  21. Crane BT, Demer JL. Human translational vestibulo-ocular reflex initiation: effect of target distance and eccentric gaze. Exp Brain Res; 1997.
  22. Wilson VJ, Schor RH. The neural substrate of the vestibulocollic reflex. Exp Brain Res; 1999.
  23. Lisberger SG. Visual guidance of smooth-pursuit eye movements: sensation, action, and learning. Comp Physiol; 2010.
  24. Blazquez PM, Hirata Y, Highstein SM. The vestibulo-ocular reflex as a model system for motor learning. Prog Brain Res; 2004.
  25. De Zeeuw CI, Yeo CH. Time and tide in cerebellar memory formation. Curr Opin Neurobiol; 2005.
  26. Fukushima K, Fukushima J, Barnes GR, et al.. Neural control of smooth pursuit eye movements: a review. Brain Res Brain Res Rev; 1996.
  27. Cannon SC, Robinson DA. Loss of the neural integrator of the oculomotor system from brain stem lesions in monkey. J Neurophysiol; 1987.
  28. Cullen KE. The vestibular system: multimodal integration and encoding of self-motion for motor control. Trends Neurosci; 2012.
  29. Miles FA, Lisberger SG. Plasticity in the vestibulo-ocular reflex: a new hypothesis. Annu Rev Neurosci; 1981.
  30. Raymond JL, Medina JF. Computational principles of supervised learning in the cerebellum. Annu Rev Neurosci; 2018.
  31. Lacour M, Bernard-Demanze L. Interaction between vestibular compensation mechanisms and vestibular rehabilitation therapy. Front Neurol; 2015.
  32. Cullen KE, Roy JE. Signal processing in the vestibular system during active versus passive head movements. J Neurophysiol; 2004.
  33. Gdowski GT, McCrea RA. Integration of vestibular and head movement signals in the vestibular nuclei during head-free gaze pursuit. J Neurophysiol; 2000.
  34. Herdman SJ, Clendaniel RA. Vestibular Rehabilitation, 4th ed.. F.A. Davis Company; 2014.