Every clinical and anatomical claim in this atlas is grounded in the peer-reviewed literature. The 60 sources below are cited inline throughout the modules; each carries a DOI and, where one exists, a PubMed identifier so the original work can be read in full.
The neural encoding of self-motion. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 2011;21(4):587–595.
Vestibular system: the many facets of a multimodal sense. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 2008;31:125–150.
doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125555PMID 18338968verified
The anatomy of the vestibular nuclei. The Vestibular System (Highstein SM, Fay RR, Popper AN, eds.). 2004;157–203.
verified
Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. III. Response dynamics. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1976;39(5):996–1008.
The vestibular system: multimodal integration and encoding of self-motion for motor control. Trends in Neurosciences. 2012;35(3):185–196.
Functional brain imaging of peripheral and central vestibular disorders. Brain. 2008;131(10):2538–2552.
Otolithic receptor mechanisms for vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials: a review. Frontiers in Neurology. 2018;9:366.
The Vestibular System: A Sixth Sense. The Vestibular System: A Sixth Sense. Oxford University Press; 2012.
verified
Three-dimensional vector analysis of the human vestibuloocular reflex in response to high-acceleration head rotations. I. Responses in normal subjects. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1996;76(6):4009–4020.
The Neurology of Eye Movements. The Neurology of Eye Movements. 5th ed.; Oxford University Press; 2015.
verified
Clinical Neurophysiology of the Vestibular System. Clinical Neurophysiology of the Vestibular System. 3rd ed.; Oxford University Press; 2001.
verified
Development of vestibular afferent projections into the hindbrain and their central targets. Brain Research Bulletin. 2003;60(5–6):497–510.
Response of vestibular-nerve afferents to active and passive rotations under normal conditions and after unilateral labyrinthectomy. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2007;97(2):1503–1514.
Clinical practice guideline: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (update). Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 2017;156(3_suppl):S1–S47.
doi:10.1177/0194599816689667verified
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research. 2015;25(3–4):105–117.
Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research. 2012;22(4):167–172.
The video head impulse test: diagnostic accuracy in peripheral vestibulopathy. Neurology. 2009;73(14):1134–1141.
Sound- and/or pressure-induced vertigo due to bone dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 1998;124(3):249–258.
What galvanic vestibular stimulation actually activates. Frontiers in Neurology. 2012;3:117.
Communication pathways to and from the endolymphatic sac and their roles in inner ear homeostasis. Hearing Research. 2008;235(1–2):7–20.
Vestibular function and otolithic organ disorders. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2016;369:204–210.
Direction-dependent activation of otolith-vestibulospinal neurons of the cat. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1999;82(4):1710–1713.
Vestibulospinal and reticulospinal systems. Handbook of Physiology: The Nervous System II (Brooks VB, ed.). 1981;667–702.
corrected
Sensorimotor control of standing balance. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2018;159:61–83.
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63916-5.00004-5PMID 30482333corrected
Oculomotor cerebellum. Progress in Brain Research. 2006;151:231–268.
The vestibular cortex: its locations, functions, and disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999;871:293–312.
Acute unilateral vestibulopathy. Neurologic Clinics. 2015;33(3):669–685.
Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2016;137:133–155.
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: past, present and future. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2010;121(5):636–651.
Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in the diagnosis of superior canal dehiscence syndrome. Acta Oto-Laryngologica Supplementum. 2001;(545):41–49.
Visualization of endolymphatic hydrops in patients with Ménière's disease. Laryngoscope. 2007;117(3):415–420.
Compensation following bilateral vestibular damage. Frontiers in Neurology. 2011;2:88.
Vestibular nerve fiber pathology in humans with vestibular schwannomas. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 1998;107(5 Pt 1):409–420.
Neuro-otological aspects of cerebellar stroke syndrome. Journal of Clinical Neurology. 2009;5(2):65–73.
Physiological evidence for a vestibular contribution to the control of breathing. Respiration Physiology. 1998;114(3):267–276.
Vestibular neuritis. Seminars in Neurology. 2009;29(5):509–519.
Acute vestibulopathy. Current Opinion in Neurology. 2001;14(1):11–20.
The changing landscape of vestibular schwannoma management in the United States — a shift toward conservatism. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 2015;153(3):440–446.
Clinical and diagnostic evaluation of acoustic neuromas. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 2012;45(2):269–284.
Recent advances in understanding audiovestibular loss of a vascular cause. Journal of Stroke. 2017;19(1):61–66.
Rising annual costs of dizziness presentations to U.S. emergency departments. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2013;20(7):689–696.
The anatomy of the cerebellum. Trends in Neurosciences. 1998;21(9):370–375.
Central vestibular system: vestibular nuclei and posterior cerebellum. Brain Research Bulletin. 2003;60(5–6):511–541.
The neural basis of smooth-pursuit eye movements. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 2008;18(6):738–745.
Functional topography in the human cerebellum: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. NeuroImage. 2009;44(2):489–501.
Visual guidance of smooth-pursuit eye movements. Annual Review of Vision Science. 2015;1:447–468.
Internal models and neural computation in the vestibular system. Experimental Brain Research. 2010;200(3–4):197–222.
Control of spatial orientation of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex by the nodulus and uvula. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1998;79(5):2690–2715.
Oscillopsia: mechanisms and management. Current Opinion in Neurology. 2007;20(1):36–43.
Learning evokes a multiplicative increase in the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2005;94(2):734–741.
The cerebellar contribution to eye movements based upon lesions: binocular three-axis control and the translational vestibulo-ocular reflex. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2002;956:178–189.
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02818.xPMID 11960803corrected
Role of the cerebellar flocculus region in cancellation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex during passive whole body rotation. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2000;84(3):1599–1613.
The vestibulo-ocular reflex in patients with lesions involving the vestibulocerebellum. Experimental Neurology. 1981;72(1):141–152.
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(81)90133-3corrected
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with antineuronal antibodies: analysis of 50 patients. Brain. 2003;126(6):1409–1418.
Wernicke's encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurology. 2007;6(5):442–455.
Friedreich ataxia. Archives of Neurology. 2008;65(10):1296–1303.
Advances in the treatment of ataxia. Neurologic Clinics. 2013;31(4):1101–1117.
HINTS to diagnose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome: three-step bedside oculomotor examination more sensitive than early MRI diffusion-weighted imaging. Stroke. 2009;40(11):3504–3510.
Diagnosis and treatment of vertigo and dizziness. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 2008;105(10):173–180.
The caloric irrigation test. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2016;137:119–131.
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63437-5.00009-1PMID 27638067corrected
Citations are provided for educational attribution. Readers are encouraged to consult the primary sources directly.