Bibliography

References

Peer-reviewed sources cited throughout the atlas. Click any inline citation marker to jump here.

  1. Dieterich M, Brandt T (1993). Ocular torsion and tilt of subjective visual vertical are sensitive brainstem signs. Annals of Neurology, 33(3): 292–299. doi:10.1002/ana.410330311
  2. Brandt T, Dieterich M (1994). Vestibular syndromes in the roll plane: topographic diagnosis from brainstem to cortex. Annals of Neurology, 36(3): 337–347. doi:10.1002/ana.410360304
  3. Zwergal A, Rettinger N, Frenzel C, Dieterich M, Brandt T, Strupp M (2009). A bucket of static vestibular function. Neurology, 72(19): 1689–1692. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a55ecf
  4. Tarnutzer AA, Bockisch C, Straumann D, Olasagasti I (2009). Gravity dependence of subjective visual vertical variability. Journal of Neurophysiology, 102(3): 1657–1671. doi:10.1152/jn.00007.2009
  5. Vibert D, Häusler R, Safran AB (1999). Subjective visual vertical in peripheral unilateral vestibular diseases. Journal of Vestibular Research, 9(2): 145–152.
  6. Min KK, Ha JS, Kim MJ, Cho CH, Cha HE, Lee JH (2007). Clinical use of subjective visual horizontal and vertical in patients with Meniere's disease. Auris Nasus Larynx, 34(4): 453–456. doi:10.1016/j.anl.2007.02.005
  7. Lopez C, Blanke O (2011). The thalamocortical vestibular system in animals and humans. Brain Research Reviews, 67(1-2): 119–146. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.12.002
  8. Lempert T, Olesen J, Furman J, et al. (2012). Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria — consensus document of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 22(4): 167–172. doi:10.3233/VES-2012-0453
  9. Lopez-Escamez JA, Carey J, Chung WH, et al. (2015). Diagnostic criteria for Menière's disease — consensus document of the Bárány Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 25(1): 1–7. doi:10.3233/VES-150549
  10. Staab JP, Eckhardt-Henn A, Horii A, et al. (2017). Diagnostic criteria for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) — consensus document of the Bárány Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 27(4): 191–208. doi:10.3233/VES-170622
  11. Strupp M, Bisdorff A, Furman J, et al. (2022). Acute unilateral vestibulopathy / vestibular neuritis: diagnostic criteria — consensus document of the Bárány Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 32(5): 389–406. doi:10.3233/VES-220201
  12. Guerraz M, Bronstein AM (2008). Ocular versus extraocular control of posture and equilibrium. Neurophysiologie Clinique, 38(6): 391–398. doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2008.09.007
A note on sources

The bibliography lists only references actually cited in the body of the atlas. Volume and page details for a small number of older entries should be cross-checked against PubMed before use in formal academic work. If you spot an error in attribution, volume, pagination, or DOI — or want a citation added — please email prahladnb@kenthospitals.com so it can be corrected in the next build.

Subjective Visual Vertical

An interactive teaching atlas of Subjective Visual Vertical for the assessment of otolith-graviceptive function — bucket and digital technique, dynamic SVV, normal findings, and the tilt signatures of peripheral and central vestibular disease. Content synthesised from current Bárány Society criteria, peer-reviewed vestibular literature, and standard otoneurology texts.

→ Full references & acknowledgements
Built for

Medical students, ENT / Neurology / Audiology trainees, vestibular therapists, and clinicians who want to teach themselves the language of vertigo.

Concept & design
Dr Prahlada N.B

Karnataka ENT Hospital and Research Centre (R),
Champions Educational and Medical Society (R),
Amogh Foundation, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India

Please share your valuable feedback to:
prahladnb@kenthospitals.com

Disclaimer

For educational purposes only. Not for clinical use. The Subjective Visual Vertical chapter is an instructional resource intended to support learning about SVV and the assessment of otolith-graviceptive function. Clinicians remain completely responsible for the interpretation of findings, the formulation of a differential diagnosis, and any clinical decision. Nothing in this application replaces individualized assessment, hands-on training, expert consultation, or established practice guidelines.

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© 2026 Dr Prahlada N.B · Karnataka ENT Hospital and Research Centre (R) · Champions Educational and Medical Society (R) · Amogh Foundation, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
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