Resources

References

Peer-reviewed primary literature and reviews cited throughout the chapter. Every citation was verified against PubMed (NCBI E-utilities) and carries a PMID (and DOI where available); click either to open the source.

  1. Brandt T
    Phobic postural vertigo.
    Neurology. 1996;46(6):1515–1519.doi:10.1212/wnl.46.6.1515PMID: 8649539The original description of phobic postural vertigo — one of the historical precursors of PPPD.
  2. Dieterich M, Staab JP
    Functional dizziness: from phobic postural vertigo and chronic subjective dizziness to persistent postural-perceptual dizziness.
    Current Opinion in Neurology. 2017;30(1):107–113.doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000417PMID: 28002123Traces the conceptual lineage and frames PPPD as the leading functional vestibular disorder.
  3. Edelman S, Mahoney AE, Cremer PD
    Cognitive behavior therapy for chronic subjective dizziness: a randomized, controlled trial.
    American Journal of Otolaryngology. 2012;33(4):395–401.doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2011.10.009PMID: 22055472Randomised evidence that CBT reduces functional-dizziness symptoms, including a brief course.
  4. Indovina I, Riccelli R, Chiarella G, Petrolo C, Augimeri A, Giofrè L, Lacquaniti F, Staab JP, Passamonti L
    Role of the insula and vestibular system in patients with chronic subjective dizziness: an fMRI study using sound-evoked vestibular stimulation.
    Frontiers in Neurology. 2015;6:334.doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00334PMID: 26733935Imaging support for the mechanism — altered visuo-vestibular and anxiety-network processing.
  5. Nada EH, Ibraheem OA, Hassaan MR
    Vestibular rehabilitation therapy outcomes in patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness.
    Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2019;128(4):323–329.doi:10.1177/0003489418823017PMID: 30633545Vestibular rehabilitation improves PPPD symptoms — supports it as a first-line, non-drug option.
  6. Popkirov S, Staab JP, Stone J
    Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): a common, characteristic and treatable cause of chronic dizziness.
    Practical Neurology. 2018;18(1):5–13.doi:10.1136/practneurol-2017-001809PMID: 29208729A clinician-facing overview — how to make the positive diagnosis and explain it, and what works.
  7. Staab JP, Ruckenstein MJ, Amsterdam JD
    A prospective trial of sertraline for chronic subjective dizziness.
    The Laryngoscope. 2004;114(9):1637–1641.doi:10.1097/00005537-200409000-00025PMID: 15475799Evidence that an SSRI reduces chronic functional dizziness — a basis for first-line pharmacotherapy.
  8. Staab JP
    Chronic subjective dizziness.
    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.). 2012;18(5):1118–1141.doi:10.1212/01.CON.0000421622.56525.58PMID: 23042442The chronic-subjective-dizziness construct that, with phobic postural vertigo, was merged into PPPD.
  9. Staab JP, Eckhardt-Henn A, Horii A, Jacob R, Strupp M, Brandt T, Bronstein A
    Diagnostic criteria for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): Consensus document of the Committee for the Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society.
    Journal of Vestibular Research. 2017;27(4):191–208.doi:10.3233/VES-170622PMID: 29036855The defining consensus: the five criteria (A–E) and the unification of phobic postural vertigo and chronic subjective dizziness into PPPD.
  10. Staab JP
    Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness.
    Seminars in Neurology. 2020;40(1):130–137.doi:10.1055/s-0039-3402736PMID: 31935771An up-to-date clinical synthesis of diagnosis, mechanism and the combined treatment approach.
  11. Trinidade A, Goebel JA
    Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness — a systematic review of the literature for the balance specialist.
    Otology & Neurotology. 2018;39(10):1291–1303.doi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002010PMID: 30199498Systematic review of presentation, pathophysiology and the evidence base for treatment.
  12. Yagi C, Morita Y, Kitazawa M, Nonomura Y, Yamagishi T, Ohshima S, Izumi S, Takahashi K, Horii A
    A validated questionnaire to assess the severity of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): the Niigata PPPD Questionnaire (NPQ).
    Otology & Neurotology. 2019;40(7):e747–e752.doi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002325PMID: 31295200A validated instrument that captures the three exacerbating factors and tracks severity over time.