Resources

References

Peer-reviewed primary literature, consensus criteria, and standard textbooks cited throughout the chapter. Every entry links to its DOI and PubMed (PMID) record, both verified. Click any inline marker in the text to jump here; the corresponding entry is highlighted.

  1. Beh SC, Masrour S, Smith SV, Friedman DI
    The spectrum of vestibular migraine: clinical features, triggers, and examination findings.
    Headache. 2019;59(5):727–740.doi:10.1111/head.13484PMID: 30737783
  2. Bogousslavsky J, Regli F, Uske A
    Thalamic infarcts: clinical syndromes, etiology, and prognosis.
    Neurology. 1988;38(6):837–848.doi:10.1212/wnl.38.6.837PMID: 3368064
  3. Brandt T, Dieterich M, Strupp M
    Vertigo and Dizziness: Common Complaints.
    Springer, London; 2013. 2nd ed..
  4. Bronstein AM
    The visual vertigo syndrome.
    Acta Oto-Laryngologica Supplementum. 1995;520 Pt 1:45–48.doi:10.3109/00016489509125186PMID: 8749077
  5. Choi JY, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Glasauer S, Kim JS
    Central paroxysmal positional nystagmus: characteristics and possible mechanisms.
    Neurology. 2015;84(22):2238–2246.doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001640PMID: 25957336
  6. Choi KD, Kim JS
    Head-shaking nystagmus in central vestibulopathies.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009;1164:338–343.doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03737.xPMID: 19645923
  7. Frohman EM, Frohman TC, Zee DS, McColl R, Galetta S
    The neuro-ophthalmology of multiple sclerosis.
    Lancet Neurology. 2005;4(2):111–121.doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(05)00992-0PMID: 15664543
  8. Furman JM, Marcus DA, Balaban CD
    Vestibular migraine: clinical aspects and pathophysiology.
    Lancet Neurology. 2013;12(7):706–715.doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70107-8PMID: 23769597
  9. Halmagyi GM, Gresty MA, Gibson WP
    Ocular tilt reaction with peripheral vestibular lesion.
    Annals of Neurology. 1979;6(1):80–83.doi:10.1002/ana.410060122PMID: 315752
  10. Halmagyi GM, Aw ST, Cremer PD, Curthoys IS, Todd MJ
    Impulsive testing of individual semicircular canal function.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2001;942:192–200.doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03745.xPMID: 11710461
  11. Harper CG, Giles M, Finlay-Jones R
    Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy.
    Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1986;49(4):341–345.doi:10.1136/jnnp.49.4.341PMID: 3701343
  12. Herdman SJ, Hall CD, Schubert MC, Das VE, Tusa RJ
    Recovery of dynamic visual acuity in bilateral vestibular hypofunction.
    Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 2007;133(4):383–389.doi:10.1001/archotol.133.4.383PMID: 17438254
  13. Jeong SH, Kim EK, Lee J, Choi KD, Kim JS
    Patterns of dissociate torsional-vertical nystagmus in internuclear ophthalmoplegia.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2011;1233:271–278.doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06155.xPMID: 21951004
  14. Kattah JC, Talkad AV, Wang DZ, Hsieh YH, Newman-Toker DE
    HINTS to diagnose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome: three-step bedside oculomotor examination more sensitive than early MRI diffusion-weighted imaging.
    Stroke. 2009;40(11):3504–3510.doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.551234PMID: 19762709
  15. Kim HA, Lee H
    Recent advances in central acute vestibular syndrome of a vascular cause.
    Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2012;321(1–2):17–22.doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.07.055PMID: 22906582
  16. Krauzlis RJ
    Recasting the smooth pursuit eye movement system.
    Journal of Neurophysiology. 2004;91(2):591–603.doi:10.1152/jn.00801.2003PMID: 14762145
  17. Lee H, Sohn SI, Cho YW, Lee SR, Ahn BH, et al.
    Cerebellar infarction presenting isolated vertigo: frequency and vascular topographical patterns.
    Neurology. 2006;67(7):1178–1183.doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000238500.02302.b4PMID: 17030749
  18. Leigh RJ, Zee DS
    The Neurology of Eye Movements.
    Oxford University Press, New York; 2015. 5th ed..
  19. Lempert T, Olesen J, Furman J, Waterston J, Seemungal B, et al.
    Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria.
    Journal of Vestibular Research. 2012;22(4):167–172.doi:10.3233/VES-2012-0453PMID: 23142830
  20. Lopez C, Blanke O
    The thalamocortical vestibular system in animals and humans.
    Brain Research Reviews. 2011;67(1–2):119–146.doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.12.002PMID: 21223979
  21. Lucieer F, Duijn S, Van Rompaey V, Pérez Fornos A, Guinand N, et al.
    Full spectrum of reported symptoms of bilateral vestibulopathy needs further investigation — a systematic review.
    Frontiers in Neurology. 2018;9:352.doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00352PMID: 29915554
  22. Mantokoudis G, Saber Tehrani AS, Wozniak A, Eibenberger K, Kattah JC, et al.
    Impact of artifacts on VOR gain measures by video-oculography in the acute vestibular syndrome.
    Journal of Vestibular Research. 2016;26(4):375–385.doi:10.3233/VES-160587PMID: 27814312
  23. Meadows J, Kraut M, Guarnieri M, Haroun RI, Carson BS
    Asymptomatic Chiari Type I malformations identified on magnetic resonance imaging.
    Journal of Neurosurgery. 2000;92(6):920–926.doi:10.3171/jns.2000.92.6.0920PMID: 10839250
  24. Neuhauser HK
    Epidemiology of vertigo.
    Current Opinion in Neurology. 2007;20(1):40–46.doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328013f432PMID: 17215687
  25. Newman-Toker DE, Kerber KA, Hsieh YH, Pula JH, Omron R, et al.
    HINTS outperforms ABCD2 to screen for stroke in acute continuous vertigo and dizziness.
    Academic Emergency Medicine. 2013;20(10):986–996.doi:10.1111/acem.12223PMID: 24127701
  26. Newman-Toker DE, Curthoys IS, Halmagyi GM
    Diagnosing stroke in acute vertigo: the HINTS family of eye movement tests and the future of the “eye ECG”.
    Seminars in Neurology. 2015;35(5):506–521.doi:10.1055/s-0035-1564298PMID: 26444396
  27. Saber Tehrani AS, Kattah JC, Mantokoudis G, Pula JH, Nair D, et al.
    Small strokes causing severe vertigo: frequency of false-negative MRIs and nonlacunar mechanisms.
    Neurology. 2014;83(2):169–173.doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000573PMID: 24920847
  28. Sechi G, Serra A
    Wernicke's encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management.
    Lancet Neurology. 2007;6(5):442–455.doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70104-7PMID: 17434099
  29. Strupp M, Zwergal A, Feil K, Bremova T, Brandt T
    Pharmacotherapy of vestibular and cerebellar disorders and downbeat nystagmus.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2015;1343:27–36.doi:10.1111/nyas.12774PMID: 25903394
  30. Tarnutzer AA, Berkowitz AL, Robinson KA, Hsieh YH, Newman-Toker DE
    Does my dizzy patient have a stroke? A systematic review of bedside diagnosis in acute vestibular syndrome.
    CMAJ. 2011;183(9):E571–E592.doi:10.1503/cmaj.100174PMID: 21576300
  31. Williams DR, Lees AJ
    Progressive supranuclear palsy: clinicopathological concepts and diagnostic challenges.
    Lancet Neurology. 2009;8(3):270–279.doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70042-0PMID: 19233037
  32. Zee DS, Yamazaki A, Butler PH, Gücer G
    Effects of ablation of flocculus and paraflocculus on eye movements in primate.
    Journal of Neurophysiology. 1981;46(4):878–899.doi:10.1152/jn.1981.46.4.878PMID: 7288469