Case · Trainee · Cerebellar stroke

Isolated vertigo with normal head impulse

68-year-old man, hypertensive, type 2 diabetes, current smoker.

Vignette

A 68-year-old man with hypertension, diabetes, and a 30-pack-year smoking history presents with 6 hours of continuous vertigo. He looks pale and clammy. Gait is grossly ataxic — he cannot stand unaided. No headache, no diplopia, no dysarthria, no hearing change.

Diagnostic question

Which finding most strongly indicates a central lesion?

Teaching point

A normal head impulse plus direction-changing gaze-evoked nystagmus in acute vestibular syndrome is a central pattern (the I and F of INFARCT), even with absent skew and no other focal signs. Early MRI DWI can be falsely negative for small posterior fossa infarcts in the first 48 hours; clinical exam often leads the imaging.

References: 3,9